What you're describing is a form of self-imposed political correctness.If I wanted to learn something I will google it, or look it up. Anytime a professor challenged my beliefs I would note it, and move on. I started on being non-politically correct, yet on the left, and I will end not being politically correct, and on the left.
If I wanted to learn something, I will also look it up. However, looking stuff up is the first step in a process that leads to real understanding of a topic. Learning that process, and how to organize and direct your own learning, is the thing you're actually learning in higher education. It starts with very baby steps because it assumes you've just come out of school and are still used to a lot of structure, but even those baby steps are valuable because if you don't do them, you end up believing that googling something is learning.
Higher education is supposed to challenge your beliefs. It challenges everyone's beliefs sooner or later. Everyone who comes out of a PhD has gone through a cycle of encountering a theory we like, growing enough to realise its trash and moving on. Some of us, especially in theoretically dense fields, have done this many, many times over. Eventually, you build a system of beliefs that is flexible, complex and complete enough to survive, but it takes a really, really long time. It's an immense privilege to have that time, refusing to use it because you're afraid your beliefs won't hold up is a terrible choice. They won't hold up. They never do.
There's so much to hate about higher education and academia in general, but all the things you seem to hate are the things that it's supposed to do.