Uplink: Manipulate a black screen with blue windows that's almost entirely text as you do timed sequences in which you must perform a few actions.
The Binding of Isaac: A bird's-eye dungeon crawler where you fire infinite ammo at some gross monsters with bosses and random dungeons.
Scratches: Wander an empty house for three days accompanied by weird noises on occasion.
The Movies: Micromanage a movie studio throughout an entire century.
The Path: Play as one of six young women as they wander a forest with random objects in it.
Myst: Fall onto an island in the middle of nowhere, no explanations.
Riven: Search for a missing lady on a fragmented island. No one talks to you, everything is puzzle-blocked.
<spoiler=The juicy bits>Uplink: You're a computer hacker, stealing data and hacking into international databases to stop an evil corporation from killing the internet, under threat of permadeath.
The Binding of Isaac: The ammo is your tears, you're trapped in a sick and twisted story of infanticide, there are epic pickups (such as laser-tears and swarms of attack-flies), and the art is by Edmund McMillen.
Scratches: The sounds are scratches from your basement, leading up to a truly epic jump scare, a nasty twist, and some spectacular dream sequences. You won't open doors carelessly for a while, either.
The Movies: It's a Peter Molyneux game that he didn't overhype.
The Path: The game is actually a coming of age story, and all the characters must encounter a wolf of some type or other, resulting in fantastic speculative sequences.
Myst: There's a few other islands and a bunch of nifty puzzles, as well as a patricide-based storyline to uncover.
Riven: These are the most organic puzzles in adventure games, period, and the inhabitants won't speak to you, there's a nasty villain, paranoia fuel and a spectacular ending.