I'm not an expert, but guessing the future based on what I know of history and current trends is a hobby of mine. Politically, I'd wager India and South America will be more important (they have large populations in relatively undeveloped countries; once they really start developing, it'll be as a big as China's rise). China will be a full-fledged great power (but not a superpower, they've got too many massive problems for that). America will still be a superpower (world's largest navy by far, overwhelming influence and major center of trade). Europe and Russia will be a little less important (the EU is a joke when it comes to foreign policy, and Russia is a broken-down superpower trying to convince itself it's still important). And Africa will be a little further on its long journey to recover from Europe (with the help of Chinese investment).
Space exploration will progress slower than expected, because it always does. China and maybe India will have likely landed on the moon; a Mars landing by this point is possible, but I'm still skeptical. Maybe a replacement ISS and/or a Chinese station. That's about it.
Consumer products will progress faster than expected, because they always do. Smartphones and tablets and PCs will probably be very cheap and/or very powerful. VR goggles will work pretty well by this point, and other peripherals might be on the market (light guns and such). Appliances will be full of computers and features and options.
Robotics and electric cars (the only plausible replacement for gasoline-fueled cars) both depend on one innovation: better batteries. If this innovation happens, electric cars may become economically viable and robots will be a lot more practical. I'm guessing no to serious cybernetics in our lifetimes, because it takes overwhelming acceptance of computers and robots before an invasive, potentially dangerous product like that becomes popular. Cybernetics will stay in the realm of amputees.
The environment is a lost cause. Nothing the US or Europe or Australia does about it matters, because developing nations like China and India won't pay extra to be clean, and they have a lot of people who'll want to drive a lot of cars. But it'll probably work out alright, because we're incredibly adaptable. It'll take more than a degree Celsius to kill us.
Overall, the world will have problems but global standards of living will improve and, barring global thermonuclear war, there will be no apocalyptic collapse. This is a very strong historical trend.