People claim the nation was built on slavery, and white Americans still benefit from it. That's absurd.
No, it isn't.
Although social mobility occurs, statistics clearly show that the biggest contributor to your socioeconomic status is your parents' socioeconomic status. Thus from a start point where one race is all at the bottom of the heap and another spread throughout classes, it will take many, many generations before eventually enough of the disavantaged race clamber up to reach overall demographic parity. If you want an idea of this, someone looked through the reconds of Florence, Italy, and found the surnames of the upper classes in the 1400s are still heavily overrepresented in Florence's affluent today.
The result of slavery and subsequently racism is that black people were both stuck at the bottom and heavily restricted in their ability to advance for 200 years. That's 200 years where many white Americans had at least 10% less competition for jobs - especially the high value and status ones. White people have had advantages that have been amassed in family wealth, land ownership, status and resources to get better educations and opportunities for offspring. Take something simple like legacy admissions criteria at top universities, and the advantages that accrue from top degrees and the ability to network with other elites. Who gets those? I bet they're disproportionately white people, because black people could barely get into those institutions.
We could extend this idea to native Americans: unceremoniously dispossessed and culturally devastated by technically legal but plainly, morally disgusting tactics which are extraordinarily likely to have contributed to persistent social problems in their communities today. Who took that land, put farms on them, dug out the gold and oil, built themselves beautiful estates and dynasties? White people did.
What we have to accept is that of course millions of white Americans haven't significantly benefitted, and they're dirt poor and struggling, too, and that talking about an
average advantage for white people very understandably doesn't cut the mustard with a lot of them. And there are of course also more recent immigrants and their descendants.
Despite all this being true, I don't think it necessarily needs to be the basis of an argument on reparations, because (as said) the argument for claim should be levelled at the state, not white people.
An enslaved person forced to work for the benefit of a single household was not of greater benefit to society than a free person working for their own benefit. An incredibly bloody war to end the practice is not making the US more prosperous. The legacy of continued racism doesn't make our society better. Yes, African Americans are the primary victims of slavery in America, but everyone here is worse off because it existed. The suggestion that white people benefit from racial injustice is constant and disgusting, and primarily sourced from people who seem to actively want a race war.
If you steal a loaf and then accidentally drop it in the river so you don't benefit from it, it doesn't make your theft any less a theft and it doesn't make the loss of that loaf any less a lost loaf for the proper owner. Whether the USA as a whole benefitted from slavery is an assessment bordering between the extremely difficult and impossible: but the thing is, it doesn't really matter.