It's been said a few times already, but I can't recommend Monster enough. It's one of the few my (non-manga-addicted) best friend has really loved, and both the manga and anime are top notch. There's compelling drama of a caliber I rarely encounter anywhere and a wide cast of supporting characters who really bring depth to the world and the main cast as they go through their own struggles. Also, it's about a well-meaning genius surgeon and a charismatic young serial killer chasing each other across the German countryside. What's not to love?
Speaking of Naoki Urasawa, I've also been reading Pluto, which is his take on the Astro Boy story. It hasn't grabbed me the way Monster did, but I think it could also be fun for someone just getting into the genre since it's a modern take on a really classic story.
Blade of the Immortal is one of my favorites for gorgeous art, although plot-wise it's much less tight than Urasawa's stuff. That said, Anotsu is a really interesting character.
I'll go ahead and second Battle Angel Alita and Rurouni Kenshin while I'm at it. Fullmetal Alchemist I liked better as an anime, but it's a good one too.
Unfortunately I'm not too well-versed in the newer stuff... although if you're feeling adventurous or just in the mood for something superficially silly, I did get really into Eyeshield 21 a few years back. Yes, it's a manga about (American) football, but sports manga are an experience all to themselves with a surprising amount of emotional depth and character growth-- although I suppose they can afford to put a lot of development into rivalries and side characters when they run 400+ issues!
For Death Note, by the by, I would actually recommend the anime over the manga just because the anime is a bit more polished-- the manga suffers a bit from having been written and marketed as a serial where the anime was produced with the endgame in mind and shortens some of the fillery bits. Either way, it's still a great story.
And one more thing... just since you brought up Y! The Last Man, which is one of my favorite comics. (Brian K. Vaughan is the man!) There's a series called Ooku that has a similar premise but takes place in feudal Japan. I had mixed feelings through the first volume, but the ending was a pleasant surprise that sold me on the book as a whole. I've been meaning to look into it more. You and your girlfriend might even enjoy reading that one together, if it turns out to be as good as I'm hoping.
Anyway, that's more than enough out of me; happy reading (and please do check out Monster)!