Thanks Shamus, I'd been wanting someone to delve into this aspect and I appreciate the lengths you went through to dissect it.
Oh please.Kaulen Fuhs said:Only if you abide by a moral code in which the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. That it is 2015 and people still believe in objective morality flabbergasts me.medv4380 said:Joel, objectively, does an immoral act.
THANK you.Thomas Guy said:As a father, I had no qualms mowing down any and all who stood between the two. If the game had let me I'd have burnt the building down too.
No, no, no, no. He's not saying "If X is better than Y, then Y is better than X durr how do I logics." He said that, given what the game presented, the Fireflies are a bunch of quacks who are very likely to kill Ellie without getting anything useful out of her, and even if they did, they probably don't have the resources to get that cure to where it will be put to good use. If you can buy that, then Joel did do the right thing from a utilitarian point of view, even if he didn't realize it: He protected the source of the cure from people who can't be trusted with it.medv4380 said:Bad logical flow.If they can kill Ellie because the life of one innocent girl is less valuable than the lives of all of humanity, then someone in Joel's position would be justified in wiping them all out for trying to stupidly waste the one immune test subject on bad science. After all, the lives of a bunch of belligerent asshole hack scientists are also worth less than all of humanity.
The Fireflies logic is One life lost to save all of humanity it worth it. They're using the basic Needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few.
Joel isn't justified in killing them because the logic does not invert. Killing a few scientists that could save all of humanity so that he can save one little girl is not equivalent morally. Joel is effectively saying to hell with the potential of saving everyone.
Um... math?Kaulen Fuhs said:There's a logic, yes, but not everyone shares that logic. Which makes that particular strain of morality, by definition, not objective.Olas said:Oh please.Kaulen Fuhs said:Only if you abide by a moral code in which the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few. That it is 2015 and people still believe in objective morality flabbergasts me.medv4380 said:Joel, objectively, does an immoral act.
There's a certain logic to sacrificing one person to save two, no? Values may be subjective, but that doesn't mean our decisions with respect to those values have to be.
In this case the only value we have to assume is the value of human life, which is pretty universal.
And no, it is not the only value to assume. Certainly not to Joel it isn't.
You want to show me I'm wrong, you're going to need facts that support the position that two lives are intrinsically more valuable than one.
"Who I would save" and "what is the morally correct thing to do" are not the same question. Obviously I would desire to save my loved one, but that doesn't mean it would be the morally correct thing if I did.Kaulen Fuhs said:You're so clever!Olas said:
Now tell me, if you had the chance to save the person you loved most in the world or two people you'd never met, who would you save?
I should hope not, a baby's life is clearly worth more than an icecream cone.Kaulen Fuhs said:And what about the cost of acquiring that second dollar?That's why 2 dollars is considered preferable to one dollar, to anyone who values money.
That's what you aren't accounting for here (at least as far as you're making clear); if I have one ice cream cone and one baby, I'm not going to kill the baby in return for another ice cream cone.
You're confusing value for morality. Values are subjective yes, but morality is more than values. To make a moral judgement you have to take into account the values of everyone, not merely yourself. Just because you don't value the random person, that doesn't mean someone else doesn't, and to ignore that fact simply because their value to you is less is to act immorally.Kaulen Fuhs said:I don't even have to push value onto objects. I don't value some random person's life, whom I've never met, on parity with that of my sister's life. And no one can show me why that is objectively wrong. Remember, for the original poster's point to be valid, there has to be something in nature that shows my value judgement to be incorrect in a factual way.
Now you're confusing value for logic. Nobody can "logically prefer" anything. Preferences are subjective evaluation, they aren't logical.Kaulen Fuhs said:Bullshit. Joel's logic preferred the life of Ellie to potentially everyone else alive.Oh, and logic is never subjective. If something is logically true, it's true regardless of who you are. If your logic and someone else's logic don't match up, (at least) one of you is wrong.
Firefly's logic preferred the life of everyone else to Ellie.
Prove what wrong? I can prove that his decision was immoral if that's what you mean. If he believed what he was doing was the moral thing then I could prove him wrong by showing how he's causing much more despair to the human race than he's preventing by saving one person. However, I don't think Joel was concerned with whether what he did was moral or not, I think it was a snap judgement made out of his own selfish interest. It's an understandable decision, he's only human, but it's not defensible morally.Kaulen Fuhs said:Knowing that Joel gives not one shit for your value judgement on Ellie's life, prove him wrong.
I try not to make judgments about the people I debate. I'm separating your idea and your argument from you as a person, and debating those. I don't consider who you are as relevant unless you have some unique insight because of it. So please don't take anything I say to be an insult or indicative of what kind of person I think you are. I chose basic math to illustrate my point because I wanted to show how plain and obvious it was, not because of how intelligent I think you are.Kaulen Fuhs said:Let's get this out of the way now. Up to this point you've argued with me as though you were arguing with someone who's never actually considered philosophical arguments before.Um... math?
I can only conclude two things (there might be more possibilities, but I don't know them):
1. You regard my intelligence less than you should.
I get it, I'm just some face on the internet you've never met and you have no reason to assume I can argue this point. I'm telling you that I can. You want to make a point, get on the level of an adult and argue like you mean it.
2. You argue in bad faith.
I'd really prefer this not to be true, but if it is, please don't waste my time with a response. If this little debate is not going to bear fruit, I'd prefer not to continue.
A moral dilemma. To be more specific I'd need an example.Kaulen Fuhs said:I don't mean to disregard much of what you said, but this gets to the heart of the issue and merits the most attention.Olas said:Values are subjective yes, but morality is more than values. To make a moral judgement you have to take into account the values of everyone, not merely yourself.
So. You have to take into account everyone's values to form moral judgements. What about when those values conflict?
Since when was appearing in nature a requirement for being objective? I'd argue morality is a truth we rationally uncover the same way we uncover mathematical truths. It's a lot messier and more complicated than mathematics, but that shouldn't be confused with subjectivity. The various schools of thought regarding ethics are all supported rationally, and although people don't always agree, people don't always agree on theories in any field.Kaulen Fuhs said:One could also propose nihilism, exclaiming that because nature presents no moral values, there are none in objectivity, and that all morality is whimsical and subjective.If morality was based solely on what's valuable to you, it would be morally right to steal money from someone because the money has more value to you if you possess it than if someone else does. This type of thinking is called ethical egoism, and although it has some proponents, nobody would call it "moral".
In what sense? Do concepts not exist? Do numbers exist? Would you argue that 2+2=4 is a subjective statement simply because numbers are a human construct? No, of course not. Something doesn't need to exist in the physical realm of things we can touch in order to be objectively true or not.That many people can agree on a moral code does not make that code any more real than the dragon we can all see on a screen. We know and agree what the dragon is, but it doesn't really exist.
And he would be logically correct, but that point isn't relevant to determining the morality of the action. You can't just base your evaluation of an act on how it affects one single individual and ignore everyone else. By what standard would you dictate that Ellie's life takes precedent over any other human?Kaulen Fuhs said:But he could respond that saving Ellie does more overall good to Ellie.Now you're confusing value for logic. Nobody can "logically prefer" anything. Preferences are subjective evaluation, they aren't logical.
Firefly used the logic that saving the whole human race does more overall good to more people than saving Ellie. That's factual. Joel couldn't deny that logic if he wanted to, he just ignored it.
Now you're just getting silly. The fact that a moral goodness is intrinsically tied to the value it creates is explained in the definition of the term. Morality is the distinction between actions that are good and bad. Something is good if it has positive value, and bad if it has negative value. To ask why it's good to do something good, and bad to do something bad is like asking why up is up and down is down. Any further ambiguity that might seem to exist is a matter of poorly defined semantics.Kaulen Fuhs said:Again, you would have to show that something in the innate nature of the universe shows that causing more despair than less is intrinsically immoral, and not just a rule that people have agreed upon or generally prefer to be true.Prove what wrong? I can prove that his decision was immoral if that's what you mean. If he believed what he was doing was the moral thing then I could prove him wrong by showing how he's causing much more despair to the human race than he's preventing by saving one person.
I could and I will if you want. For example, deontological ethics are those based on certain rules or "duties" such as "do not murder" or "do not steal" or "do not lie" regardless of the consequences. However the initial reasoning behind these ethical duties can only be explained by the negative consequences of them, and in separating the act from the consequence we separate it from the original intent. The fact that murder is considered wrong is based on the fact that it usually causes harm, but it is possible for situations to arise where murder can provide more good than the inherent harm. Since there is no reasoning in these situations for why it is bad to murder, I would argue that deontological ethics is illogical or wrong.You would have to, in effect, show that conflicting moralities, even though they might disagree with you about what is preferred or good, are in fact wrong about what is preferred or good.
LOL!!! Then defend it. Defend the deaths of millions, or however how many people are left in Last of Us, many of them children.Kaulen Fuhs said:"The potential salvation of the human race is not worth the murder of an innocent child."However, I don't think Joel was concerned with whether what he did was moral or not, I think it was a snap judgement made out of his own selfish interest. It's an understandable decision, he's only human, but it's not defensible morally.
I find it very defensible.
Why does person X say it's good to kill people? Unless he can come up with an incredibly good justification I'd say he's clearly in the wrong. Most people don't want to die, they consider death bad, so forcing them to die is doing something bad to them. Hence immoral.Kaulen Fuhs said:Person X says killing people is good. Person Y says not killing people is good.Olas said:A moral dilemma. To be more specific I'd need an example.Kaulen Fuhs said:I don't mean to disregard much of what you said, but this gets to the heart of the issue and merits the most attention.Olas said:Values are subjective yes, but morality is more than values. To make a moral judgement you have to take into account the values of everyone, not merely yourself.
So. You have to take into account everyone's values to form moral judgements. What about when those values conflict?
That's simply not true. Being independent of man-made judgement, and appearing in nature are not the same or even related.Kaulen Fuhs said:Since when is it not? Objective means true independent of man made judgement. If it doesn't appear in nature, it's fiction.Since when was appearing in nature a requirement for being objective?Kaulen Fuhs said:One could also propose nihilism, exclaiming that because nature presents no moral values, there are none in objectivity, and that all morality is whimsical and subjective.If morality was based solely on what's valuable to you, it would be morally right to steal money from someone because the money has more value to you if you possess it than if someone else does. This type of thinking is called ethical egoism, and although it has some proponents, nobody would call it "moral".
Well, we're way beyond the realm of 'evidence' here. We're talking about very metaphysical concepts. Morals, when not based on a religious system, have always served a function, the betterment of the world. This is distinct from actions that only benefit oneself, or self interest, which can exist in animals and unintelligent organisms which we would not classify as moral. When we understand that morals are fundamentally actions that exist to better society, we can then construct rationally on top of that as to what is necessary to achieve that end. Since all values are subjective, the end goal of those rationally derived values is that which serves those subjective values, but regardless of the end goal, the optimal strategy to achieve that goal is indisputable.Kaulen Fuhs said:There is no evidence to support this train of thought, so far as I know.I'd argue morality is a truth we rationally uncover the same way we uncover mathematical truths.
Okay, how about hours and minutes? Right now my clock says it's 6:44pm. The concept of 6:44pm has no natural basis, it's purely a man-made construct that only has meaning to humans who understand our system of keeping time. Does that mean it's not objective? Does that mean we can argue whether it's really 6:44pm or not? No. Because humans can create truths that work independent of personal perspective. To a clock it's 6:44pm regardless of what you or anyone else has to say about it.Kaulen Fuhs said:But there is a truth independent of our ability to discover it. The same cannot be said for morality; that is, unless you know something I do not.It's a lot messier and more complicated than mathematics, but that shouldn't be confused with subjectivity. The various schools of thought regarding ethics are all supported rationally, and although people don't always agree, people don't always agree on theories in any field.
???? What does this have to do with anything?Kaulen Fuhs said:Sure they do. But does the dragon actually exist or not?In what sense? Do concepts not exist?That many people can agree on a moral code does not make that code any more real than the dragon we can all see on a screen. We know and agree what the dragon is, but it doesn't really exist.
Fine, if you're going to be stubborn I'll take this further down the rabbit hole.Kaulen Fuhs said:Yes, it does. 2 rocks plus 2 rocks will always be 4 rocks, regardless of whether the universe has a word for it or not.Do numbers exist? Would you argue that 2+2=4 is a subjective statement simply because numbers are a human construct? No, of course not. Something doesn't need to exist in the physical realm of things we can touch in order to be objectively true or not.
Until intelligent organisms come into existence to formulate it.The same it not true for morality. The universe is amoral.
That's not utilitarian, or moral, it's self-interest. Ignoring the needs of others in favor of the needs of yourself is not moral. Moral isn't "whatever I want" or else we could say that all unintelligent living creatures are moral because they all just do what they want. Raping someone is moral, murdering someone is moral, as long as it's what you want it's moral. In fact it would be immoral to donate money to a charity because it's not what you want.Kaulen Fuhs said:By the standard that Ellie's life is more valuable to Joel. Exactly the same standard utilitarians use (the standard that more lives are more valuable than less lives), only the values have shifted.And he would be logically correct, but that point isn't relevant to determining the morality of the action. You can't just base your evaluation of an act on how it affects one single individual and ignore everyone else. By what standard would you dictate that Ellie's life takes precedent over any other human?Kaulen Fuhs said:But he could respond that saving Ellie does more overall good to Ellie.Now you're confusing value for logic. Nobody can "logically prefer" anything. Preferences are subjective evaluation, they aren't logical.
Firefly used the logic that saving the whole human race does more overall good to more people than saving Ellie. That's factual. Joel couldn't deny that logic if he wanted to, he just ignored it.
Ughhhhh no... it doesn't....Kaulen Fuhs said:And that that value is subjective makes morality subjective.The fact that a moral goodness is intrinsically tied to the value it creates is explained in the definition of the term.Kaulen Fuhs said:Again, you would have to show that something in the innate nature of the universe shows that causing more despair than less is intrinsically immoral, and not just a rule that people have agreed upon or generally prefer to be true.Prove what wrong? I can prove that his decision was immoral if that's what you mean. If he believed what he was doing was the moral thing then I could prove him wrong by showing how he's causing much more despair to the human race than he's preventing by saving one person.
Ummm... wut? Yes I do. I determine what has positive value to me, and you determine what has positive value to you. If nobody determines positive value, how does it exist?Kaulen Fuhs said:You don't determine positive value. Neither do I. Neither does anyone.Morality is the distinction between actions that are good and bad. Something is good if it has positive value, and bad if it has negative value.
No, I didn't say morality is the distinction between good and bad. I said morality is the distinction between actions that are good and bad. A good action has to consider the values of the person or people it is being made for. What is good and bad may vary from person to person, but choosing to do what each person considers good is always good.Kaulen Fuhs said:What is it I'm failing to explain here? Value is inherently subjective. If morality is the distinction between "good" and "bad", and "good" and "bad" vary from person to person, there is no objective standard for morality.
NoKaulen Fuhs said:That everyone agrees what "up" and "down" represent tears this argument to shreds.To ask why it's good to do something good, and bad to do something bad is like asking why up is up and down is down. Any further ambiguity that might seem to exist is a matter of poorly defined semantics.
Is it safe to say I've already explained the difference between values and morals?Kaulen Fuhs said:Perfectly fine. Now tell me why this is illogical or wrong; Joel values Ellie more than every other person on Earth.You would have to, in effect, show that conflicting moralities, even though they might disagree with you about what is preferred or good, are in fact wrong about what is preferred or good.Since there is no reasoning in these situations for why it is bad to murder, I would argue that deontological ethics is illogical or wrong.
Fine, I guess I should have been more specific in my language, you can't rationally argue why oranges taste more good than apples. And don't try to turn this into a game just to annoy me, you know what I'm saying.Kaulen Fuhs said:Sure you can.I could do this for virtue ethics as well, but I think my point is made. I would argue the very fact that philosophers can rationally argue these various theories of ethics shows they aren't subjective. After all, you can't rationally argue why you like oranges more than apples.
1. I like things that taste good.
2. Oranges taste more good than apples.
3. I like oranges more than apples.
Here's where you're confused.Kaulen Fuhs said:Already did. That you find "More people are worth more to me than less people" perfectly logical and reasonable, but cannot understand why "This girl is worth more to me than any people", does not show for the latter to be indefensible.LOL!!! Then defend it. Defend the deaths of millions, or however how many people are left in Last of Us, many of them children.Kaulen Fuhs said:"The potential salvation of the human race is not worth the murder of an innocent child."However, I don't think Joel was concerned with whether what he did was moral or not, I think it was a snap judgement made out of his own selfish interest. It's an understandable decision, he's only human, but it's not defensible morally.
I find it very defensible.
That's not a defense, that's a statement of facts, the axiom onto which one builds a defense. And in this statement of facts you listed both people's preferences. But when it comes to Joel's decision you only bother to include HIS preference, and not the preference of every one of those millions of people.Kaulen Fuhs said:I like apples more than oranges.Actually, don't defend it, if you defend it then you insinuate there's an identifiable rationale behind it which flies in the face of it being subjective.
You like oranges more than apples.
Both are defensible, and neither insinuates an objective truth to the excellence of oranges or apples.
Same (got a bun in the oven anyway). All I was thinking while Joel was driving away was "damn, I didn't get them all."Thomas Guy said:As a father, I had no qualms mowing down any and all who stood between the two. If the game had let me I'd have burnt the building down too.