Mister Chippy said:
#1: The whole "largest debt in the world" thing is just inaccurate, and even then it's based on a very flawed idea of how the economic system works. Read this for a quick explanation of why:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johntharvey/2012/02/26/national-debt-not-largest/
#2: Why is gold inherently valuable? It's not. It's just what we decided was valuble for quite a while. However as the economic system matured we no longer needed to put our faith in the value of gold and moved it over to currency. If you were suddenly in a post apocalyptic wasteland, gold would be just as valueless and any paper money. It's just a shiny rock.
#3: We weren't exactly on the verge of economic downfall, that was a political squabble between two groups of hardheads who refused to budge on various issues.
#4: The promise from one of the most powerful governments in the world that they will do their best to maintain the value of their own currency is probably the best promise you can take. Like you said, tons of people, governments, and corporations around the world have incredibly large portions of their assets in USD. Nobody would do anything to attempt to crash the USD, because doing so would be catastrophic to everyone. Simply put, the USD has the backing of the entire world, since if it were to ever be in trouble it would cause a total financial meltdown. Nobody like China would ever decide to dump the USD because that would fuck them just as badly as it would hurt anyone else. Besides, the promise of a very powerful government will always be better than lack of any promise or stability whatsoever.
TL;DR - Bitcoin has absolutely no intrinsic value, no support aside from rabid followers, and crashes whenever touched by a light breeze. In fact, it's currently in the middle of crashing right as we speak.
1. Were talking about External debt [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html?countryname=United%20States&countrycode=us®ionCode=noa&rank=1#us] because that is the onle that actually matters in current economy. National debt or its part of GDP much less so, even then it is currently 70% of your GDP which is simply a terrible state to be in.
I could also pick apart the flaws in your article, but im sure your smart enough to do that yourself. Having large debt during a world war 2 is much different than having one now.
The current US external debt is 15,930,000,000,000 USD and is larger than whole European Union combined. 2013 GDP of US was 16.8 trillion, which is astonishing 94,8%. Almost your whole economy is covered by your external debt.
2. gold is inherently valuable due to its value in eletroconductivity. You know there isnt an electronic device without gold now right? you want radio? theres gold in it. computer? gold in it. phone? gold in it. The amount of gold that is used as "Shiny rocks" is close to 10% of all gold use in the world. You could of couse make the same case with something we are even more relient on, like fresh water, but i just used gold as an example that is usually used as "Secure investment".
3. yes you were. Economists agree that having your debt above 70% level is a no-return zone for economic collapse. Yes there was a lot of political squabling, because your government seems to be run like kids playground where people just throw hissy fits and gobble toys, but the economical danger is very real.
4. USDs popularity leads to its strenght. However its worth noting that for the past decade its value was falling (with obvious exceptions like the bump when Osama was killed). And as USD is being phased out slowly as well (china is slowly getting rid of USD and instead changing it to other currencies such as Swiz franks as well as precious metal reserves), the world will be less and less dependant on USD. Yes, USD is the most backed currency we have, and that was the entire point - even the most reliable currency is extremely unreliable.
No currency has intrinsic value and only has support of its followers. Its just that most currencies we have have followers we call countries. Currencies do crash, see the post-crysis euro crash panic for example. Bitcoin is a very young currency that has very limited capitalization and large speculation influence, of course its going to go all over the place, any currency would. in fact countries that left soviet union in its collapse (like mine) specifically banned speculation for some time and set price rules to avoid exactly that and it still happened. Massive inflation and deflation variation. It stabilized somewhat afterwards, but then we got tied to euro and could no longer see our actual currency value (which btw fallen if we take economy into account).