No I don't think women actually prefer men who are jerks, or assholes, or really anything negative. There are a few things though that I have noticed though which I consider the "jerk dynamic".
The Jerk Dynamic:
[li]Nice guys a lot of times only act nice because they want sex.[/li]
[li]Jerks tend to be more noticeable in social situation[/li]
[li]Some women see jerky guys as a project.[/li]
[li]Some women are attracted to the "bad boy" stereotype, especially when they're younger.[/li]
[li]Guys who are jerks generate drama, which a lot of women find attractive.[/li]
[li]Acting like a jerk is easy to mistake for confidence, which most people find attractive.[/li]
[li]Acting out generally makes someone more noticeable, which is attractive to people what to be noticed.[/li]
Still though most women really don't want a jerk of a guy, they might go out with such a guy, but long term I've never seen such a relationship be successful. I've seen such relationships turn into long term dysfunctional codependency, but never actually seen such a relationship flourish. Well there is an exception, if both parties in a relationship are terrible people, they tend to work quite well together, reinforcing the terrible nature of each other.
On the other hand I'm a trans woman and I don't like guys who play the jerk, or men who exude toxic masculine bullshit. Most of the cisgender women I know feel basically the same way, they want a guy who is balanced, secure, and generally pleasant to be around. Still some guys are kinda charismatic about being jerks, so are some women, so that can cause being a jerk to be easily mistaken for being confident and strong.
Still I've spent time on occasion watching Pick Up Artists(PUAs) at work and I found something really funny about them. They talk about negging[footnote]Using a negative compliment to get their foots in the door.[/footnote], and various other kinds of bullshit where they're total jerks to women. I've seen that it's not actually successful by itself, they usually go around in a bar for hours getting shot down over and over. The funny part is that eventually a PUA succeeds and I've only seen it happen for two reasons: They find a target dumb, or drunk enough to buy into their bullshit, which rarely happens. On the other hand, they look so desperate and sad that someone goes with them out of nothing more than pity, which is the typical way they finally get someone. That's it. When PUAs talk about how being a jerk gets them women, they're kinda right, they succeed eventually. That though only happens after hours of abject failure to pick up a woman, or them getting extremely lucky with a "target". They actually get shot down more often and harder than other guys, the difference is that they simply don't give up. So perseverance apparently is what can get you some nookie, if you're desperate and sad enough of a human being.