Question Regarding Universal Models and Evolution

[Baron_BJ]

I'm currently working on a short story, however I always like my pseudoscience to be as accurate as possible, so that leads me to ask the following questions, they're all somewhat related:

1. Which universal model is most likely true (with regards to how the universe will end)?
2. Would this lead to the universe being extremely hot or extremely cold?
3. How would this affect gravity in all cases?
4. How quickly would this occur?
5. Is it conceivable that, if a very rigid set of conditions were met, that things could evolve to live in almost certain conditions that life as we know it couldn't live through (say, given a few billion years in slowly degrading conditions, could humans live on a planet where the atmosphere has been stripped away?)?

 

[Albino Boo]

I'm currently working on a short story, however I always like my pseudoscience to be as accurate as possible, so that leads me to ask the following questions, they're all somewhat related:

1. Which universal model is most likely true (with regards to how the universe will end)?
2. Would this lead to the universe being extremely hot or extremely cold?
3. How would this affect gravity in all cases?
4. How quickly would this occur?
5. Is it conceivable that, if a very rigid set of conditions were met, that things could evolve to live in almost certain conditions that life as we know it couldn't live through (say, given a few billion years in slowly degrading conditions, could humans live on a planet where the atmosphere has been stripped away?)?

Well here goes

1 The current favoured model is that the universe will continually expand for an infinite time. The universe will have an effective end due to Entropy. Basically the universe will become a giant soup of subatomic particles at absolute zero will no interaction or structure possible anymore.

2 The universe will be at absolute zero.


3 Gravity is the weakest of forces, just think about for a second. Your body is held to together by the electromagnetic force yet that is strong enough to resist the gravity of the entire planet. So when the structure is slowly wiped out by entropy, gravity becomes less and less relevant. It will still function in the same way but effect on subatomic particles in negligible.


4. Literally trillions of years. I think its another 12 billion years or so till all the material that produces energy during fusion runs out. Even after that white dwarf stars will continue to produce burn for 10[sup]32[/sup] years (1 with 32 zeros after it) and then degenerate into black dwarfs which will last for a further 10[sup]37[/sup] years. So its possible that you could have planet in close orbit of a white dwarf for almost unimaginable lengths of time. But the real story is that all those stars in the night sky will go out in 12 billion years or so and all that would be left are faint pinpricks of light from white dwarfs and then over vast periods of time even they will go out. The universe as we know it will have ended.

5. Its unlikely that something could evolve to survive without an atmosphere. The chemistry required to live in those conditions is so far from chemistry the humans use that there is no selection advantage available for evolution to work. Something simple like bacteria or viruses could happen but something as complex as humans is not going to happen by evolution.

 

[Baron_BJ]

I'm currently working on a short story, however I always like my pseudoscience to be as accurate as possible, so that leads me to ask the following questions, they're all somewhat related:

1. Which universal model is most likely true (with regards to how the universe will end)?
2. Would this lead to the universe being extremely hot or extremely cold?
3. How would this affect gravity in all cases?
4. How quickly would this occur?
5. Is it conceivable that, if a very rigid set of conditions were met, that things could evolve to live in almost certain conditions that life as we know it couldn't live through (say, given a few billion years in slowly degrading conditions, could humans live on a planet where the atmosphere has been stripped away?)?

Well here goes

1 The current favoured model is that the universe will continually expand for an infinite time. The universe will have an effective end due to Entropy. Basically the universe will become a giant soup of subatomic particles at absolute zero will no interaction or structure possible anymore.

2 The universe will be at absolute zero.


3 Gravity is the weakest of forces, just think about for a second. Your body is held to together by the electromagnetic force yet that is strong enough to resist the gravity of the entire planet. So when the structure is slowly wiped out by entropy, gravity becomes less and less relevant. It will still function in the same way but effect on subatomic particles in negligible.


4. Literally trillions of years. I think its another 12 billion years or so till all the material that produces energy during fusion runs out. Even after that white dwarf stars will continue to produce burn for 10[sup]32[/sup] years (1 with 32 zeros after it) and then degenerate into black dwarfs which will last for a further 10[sup]37[/sup] years. So its possible that you could have planet in close orbit of a white dwarf for almost unimaginable lengths of time. But the real story is that all those stars in the night sky will go out in 12 billion years or so and all that would be left are faint pinpricks of light from white dwarfs and then over vast periods of time even they will go out. The universe as we know it will have ended.

5. Its unlikely that something could evolve to survive without an atmosphere. The chemistry required to live in those conditions is so far from chemistry the humans use that there is no selection advantage available for evolution to work. Something simple like bacteria or viruses could happen but something as complex as humans is not going to happen by evolution.

Thanks, your answers will help me a lot.