I wasn't physically bullied much, but that's only because I was good at evasion. Physical bullying definitely happened to people when I was in middle school (first half of the 90s). It was definitely something I worried a lot about, which is kinda why I was good at evasion.
At the time, verbal/psychological bullying wasn't something the school system even recognized as a thing that existed, much less could or would do anything about. In regards to physical bullying the school authorities were far worse than useless: reporting physical bullying resulted in a ton of administrative political BS that at best would have zero result, and at worst would see you, the victim, slowly dragged through the mud both socially and officially while the bully walked around unimpeded. Fighting back was heavily frowned apon, and could result in you getting far greater punishment then the bully. Most teacher/counselors, if pressed, would give the old "ignore them and they'll go away" line, which has always been dangerous BS and every kid knows it: ignoring bullies invites them to escalate their attacks.
I did get verbally bullied. Not as severely as some others here, but that was circumstantial: the same social issues that made me an inviting target also made me a difficult target to keep a bead on. Still hurt, and definitely messed me up even further than I already was.
I can't look at bullying of any sort as a "right of passage" or a "that which doesn't kill you makes you stronger" thing. That's primitivistic nonsense on the level of superstition. Being bullied messes you up psychologically and socially. It damages your ability to function optimally in society. Bullying victims who go on to lead better lives do so because they repaired that damage, not because they sustained it.