PrinceFortinbras said:
nuba km said:
Sympathy has nothing to do with what's right or wrong, you have sympathy for someone who goes to the dentist and has to go through a rather painful process for something, but is it wrong for them to go to the dentist no. Is it something the needed to do, no, they could have been completely fine loosing a tooth or having a cavity.
What does have to do with write and wrong has to do with cause and effect, if I shot a man to stop him form blowing up a city I would be a hero as I have stopped someone from ending a much large numbers of lives which have a much greater chance of doing things that allow people to live a better life ensuring a increased likely hood of the survival of our species. If I shot a man who was about to invent the cure to cancer the opposite would be true. If I shot the man who was about to blow up a city filled with zombies that are nearly about to spread to other cities but also contained the only person who could cure the zombie virus, I would be in a moral grey area as there are way to many possible outcomes form this scenario for any sort of accurate guess.
The only possibility that the life of an animal could have any important impact on the quality and on the length of human(or any species) existence are so unlikely and long term that it doesn't really matter.
This is getting really interesting. I like it.
I agree that sympathy does not tell us what is right and wrong. That was not my point, and I can see that I have expressed myself imprecisly, so I am sorry about that.
My point was that sympathy can tell us something about what it is about other people that make them moral subjects. That is, worthy of taking into consideration when we make desisions. The point I was trying to make was that sympathy shows us that the attribute human beings have that make us consider them in this way is their ability to suffer. However I think this conclusion can be reached by using rationality and universalisation of our own preferences in stead. So:
- (1) I don't like being hit in the face. It hurts.
- (2) Other people are alot like me (they have the same nervesystems and most people are not mascochistic 24/7)
- (3) If I punch Paul in the face it would hurt him in the same way.
- (Conclusion) I should not hit Paul in the face.
The more we know about the world around us the easier it is to know what to do and not to do. Now we know that animals probably suffer. Therefore we should not do things to them that we know is bad. So, if you acknowledge your own preferences it's hard to not acknowledge that others (including animals) has preferences as well. I think this is what produces the best effects that you are talking about, and I also think it can be used as a guideline to find which effects are the best. That is not always such an easy desision to make.
(This line of thought takes for granted that people want to do the right thing. I will not get into the debate concerning whether they actually do here. It is far too complex en far too off topic).
can I make a slight edit to your 3 step thought plan:
- (1) I don't like being hit in the face. It hurts.
- (2) Other people are alot like me (they have the same nervesystems and most people are not mascochistic 24/7)
- (3) If I punch Paul in the face it would hurt him in the same way.
- (4) advantages:???
- (5) disadvantages:???
- (conclusion) if advantages outweigh disadvantages hit paul if not don't hit paul.
this is a more pear bone version:
- (1) what the effect would be for soemthign I know
- (2) How similar it is to what I know
- (3) Hence what would be be the effect
- (4) advantages of effect:???
- (5) disadvantages of effect:???
- (conclusion) if advantages outweigh disadvantages to the action if not don't.
for instance randomly punching paul:
advantages: may show dominance which would mean people would tread me better either out of fear or respect.
disadvantages: people would see more as randomly violent and would be less likely to help me if help is needed. This random violence would also make me as a less desirable person and I would be less likely to either have sex for reproduction or pleasure. Paul may fight back and it could result in me feeling pain, his friends may help lowering my chances of winning the fight. This could result in a criminal record making it less likely to get hired and hence earn money for a desirable life.
I am sure there are more for both but I think this is enough.
hence I should not punch paul.
If paul was about to attack you:
advantages: may end the fight quicker resulting in me feeling less pain. If I win the fight I show physical dominance and paul is less likely to try again nor will others who know about this. Me winning the fight or even standing up for my self would make me a more desirable person. Paul mat learn randomly assaulting people isn't beneficial to him and will no longer randomly cause other people pain and will teach his children that randomly assaulting people is wrong if he has children, this makes a less violent society.
disadvantages: if paul beats he may continue attacking me after he won the fight. If I win Paul may return with friends and attack as a group which could result in me dying.
Again I am sure their are more for both.
conclusion: depending on personal strength and knowledge of paul and friends punch paul.
though most people don't think these thoughts actively and will take what's right and wrong without asking why form their parents, this is why people say you shouldn't punch a woman due to the old reasoning that a woman is too weak to hurt a man and hence would show that you are unreasonable but if you actually think about the saying you see the flawed logic in the cause and consequence due to a misunderstanding of the differences of men and woman which resulted in the though of different advantages and disadvantages.
In fact the difference in opinion about the similarity of the subject to one self is what causes a lot of moral debate, I mean the difference in opinion of how human a foetus is is what causes the debate about whether abortion is right or wrong with nearly all those on the pro-choice side saying its not human and those on the pro-life side saying it is humans (though instead of either side arguing about how to classify something as human one argues its ok to do eject a bag of meat while the others argues it is wrong to kill a person).
now lets apply my thought process when it comes to eating a pig
- (1) If I get eaten I am dead and any chance of my future achievements or my descendent achievements due to our advanced brains
- (2) It has a less advanced brain and different biology
- (3) It would die and any chance of a cognitively advanced species that may develop under the right conditions over billions of years
- (4) advantages of effect: People are motivated to work and earn money to buy nicer tasting cuts of meat, this work can support the society that lets people who can create/invent stuff that lets people life nice lives or even the scientist who ends up figuring out a realistic way of growing slabs of meat in a lab.
- (5) disadvantages of effect: a minimal chance of a species that can do science may not develop
- (conclusion) eat meat if it tastes nice