First and foremost, get a shelter cat, and try to get it fixed as soon as it is able. Also make sure you are up on vaccinations and get it micro chipped, cats can and will get out.. you neither want them contributing to the problem of feral cats, nor going missing.
When picking a cat, don't just go for one that you like the look off... go to a shelter that will allow you to meet and pet the cat. Cats, like all animals, have very distinct personalities and you may well not get what you are expecting just from their appearance.
I recommend a short fur, long furs can be difficult to take care off especially if they don't like being groomed.
No NOT get it declawed.... if you are going to own a cat, you are going to have to live with the idea of slightly damaged furniture. Declawing a cat to save your furniture is roughly the same as someone pulling out your fingernails because they don't like you drumming on the desk or chewing them.
Don't worry to much about your cat, some people treat them as delicate little darlings but most are not... they can take a few bumps and bruises. They will climb on things that are too high, stand on fish tanks, drink from toilets and get into driers... just check the washing machine and drier before you turn them on if you're not sure where your cat is.
Also note, your cat will find every possible hiding spot in your apartment, especially early on. Don't be offended or upset if it doesn't seem to like you to start, they are nervous and territorial and take time to get to know their surroundings.
Even if you intend to let it be an outdoor cat eventually, its important to keep it restricted to indoors for the first month or so until it registers this as home. Keep the litter tray clean and keep an eye on its toilet habits, as that can be a sign of physical or emotional distress. If your cat doesn't come litter trained, be patient and expect it to take a little while.
Love your cat, it will love you in it's way.