I think the main barrier to EVs is really going to be on the component/infrastructure side rather than the vehicle manufacturer side.
GM having missteps isn't that surprising, but ultimately we know for a fact from other examples that efficient EV production is possible. Companies like GM are going to struggle, but they have the money and time to get there, eventually.
I'm more worried about the strain on the power grid and the environmental damage that comes with mining lithium for batteries.
On the grid side, only time will tell. In North America, our grids are pretty neglected. It varies by state and province but there are areas in desperate need of maintenance, upgrades and additional generation. I'm not sure what the US is up to, but in Canada I know of three new solar plants having gone up in the last few years so progress is being made at least. Presumably as natural gas gets more expensive and health concerns raise, stuff like gas heating will drop off in the American Midwest and Canadian West and that will pressure politicians to budget for more upkeep and expansion of the grid.
On the battery side, it's looking... Ok. Lithium extraction isn't good for the environment, no doubt there. But recycling and more efficient designs are helping to mitigate. We also have this new battery design, sodium ion, being worked on that has the potential to be more efficient than lithium and less destructive to produce. That's 'potential' though. It's not quite here yet, and although it has a huge amount of industry backing, this stuff takes time.
My big fear is that EV adoption outpaces these other processes. I want to get there soon, but not so soon that the grid gets over strained and someone hits the panic switch and does something dumb like outlawing home EV charging.