Virotherapy

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AtheistGuy

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Oct 10, 2011
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Has anyone ever heard of this? I had been thinking about something like this for quite a while and, to my surprise, it had already been tried.If it's at all possible I would like to know a good credited scientific journal to find peer-reviewed articles on the subject.

For those not in the know: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virotherapy
 

I Stomp on Kittens

Don't let go!
Nov 3, 2008
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I've never heard of it before but I could totaly put the pieces together while reading the first bit of the wiki. It sounds very interesting.
 

Kolby Jack

Come at me scrublord, I'm ripped
Apr 29, 2011
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Turning viruses into cures seems like a smart idea. I'm not naive enough to claim it's a perfect solution; it has much potential to go awry, but hey, if they can get it to work, I'm not complaining. Easier than building hunter-killer nanobots, that's for sure.
 

the spud

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May 2, 2011
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Yes, that's right, fall right into my trap please take these treatments or you will get Cancer! We will program the viruses to only attack the Cancer, we promise!

[sub][sub]HEHEHE[/sub][/sub]
 

spartan231490

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Jan 14, 2010
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AtheistGuy said:
Has anyone ever heard of this? I had been thinking about something like this for quite a while and, to my surprise, it had already been tried.If it's at all possible I would like to know a good credited scientific journal to find peer-reviewed articles on the subject.

For those not in the know: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virotherapy
Last I heard of it was 4 years ago when I read a paper that was several years old in chemistry class. It said they had tried virotherapy in the 60's on cancer, and it worked on something like 40% of cases, but the rest all died of the virus. The paper was about guys who were just starting to research it again using genetic engineering. Haven't heard anything since. I imagine the patents were bought out by a pharmaceutical company in order to keep it from being produced.

To point out something that wasn't mentioned in the wiki, many bacteria were also tried because tumors have lower Oxygen content and these bacteria prefer less oxygen, so they target the tumor first. Botox and Salmonella are two examples that that paper mentioned.
 

Korolev

No Time Like the Present
Jul 4, 2008
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You could try "Journal of Biological Chemistry". That's a good one. "Nature" and "PLoS" are also pretty good. If you're a university student, you should be able to access virtually all their papers from your school network, even if you aren't taking a biology course. The Journal "Blood" is also pretty good when you want papers to do with Leukemia or certain cancers.

I wish I could link you some papers, but I finished uni a year ago and I'm going for another degree but I won't be a student until January. Try Pubmed - that has some free papers.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

This sort of stuff is closely linked to Gene Therapy. While they are running some trials, gene therapy as a whole hit a massive snag, when the French used viruses to treat kids suffering from SCID (it basically meant they had no immune system. As in, at all. They were bubble-kids, even getting a cold would probably kill them). The treatment worked.... for half the kids. The other half developed cancer because the virus inserted the genes in the wrong place. As you can imagine, virotherapy and gene therapy ain't so popular now. As the XKCD comic mentioned, they are trying to use modified HIV viruses, because HIV viruses are CRAZY GOOD at inserting genes into places where they won't cause much harm.... sad thing is, the minute you even MENTION "Modified HIV", government and corporate sponsors throw up their arms and scream "NOOOOOOOOOOOO".

There are other alternatives people are trying - lipo-vectors, which are essentially shells made of lipids (which resemble viruses on the surface) that are designed to carry the gene and merge with your cells. Sad thing is, the body's own immune system recognizes the lipo-vectors as viruses and eventually will start to attack them, preventing patients from receiving the repeated doses needed to cure the disease.

It's a tricky problem. Scientist will solve it though. They're a clever bunch of folks. We might have to design a new vector entirely, out of pieces of the HIV virus. We can build viruses - why, a few years ago someone pieced together a polio virus from scratch, just to see if he could do it. Turns out, he could. So a lot of scientists are trying to cobble together an artificial vector out of pieces of more successful natural vectors - you could eventually design a vector that is HIV-like, but you could honestly go up to investors and say "It's not HIV". And it wouldn't be, and that's the point! You'd also have to redesign it in such a way as to make it as resistant to mutation as possible. It is possible - why, one of the reasons why smallpox was wiped out was due to the fact that it almost never mutated because the way its genome was set up ensured that it couldn't easily change its genetic structure. This meant that it almost never developed alternate strains, so the one vaccine that was invented by Jenner worked for virtually everyone (there were a few rare cases in which it didn't, but they were rare).

It's an exciting field. If anyone is studying molecular biology or virology or immunology, I'd encourage them to enter the field. It's a bit of a dismal field now, only because of that unfortunate incident with the French kids, but I'm certain, dead certain, that within a few years, maybe a decade or two, it will become an established treatment for many cancers, and more than a few genetic disorders, like Cystic Fibrosis.
 

AtheistGuy

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Oct 10, 2011
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spartan231490 said:
AtheistGuy said:
Has anyone ever heard of this? I had been thinking about something like this for quite a while and, to my surprise, it had already been tried.If it's at all possible I would like to know a good credited scientific journal to find peer-reviewed articles on the subject.

For those not in the know: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virotherapy
Last I heard of it was 4 years ago when I read a paper that was several years old in chemistry class. It said they had tried virotherapy in the 60's on cancer, and it worked on something like 40% of cases, but the rest all died of the virus. The paper was about guys who were just starting to research it again using genetic engineering. Haven't heard anything since. I imagine the patents were bought out by a pharmaceutical company in order to keep it from being produced.

To point out something that wasn't mentioned in the wiki, many bacteria were also tried because tumors have lower Oxygen content and these bacteria prefer less oxygen, so they target the tumor first. Botox and Salmonella are two examples that that paper mentioned.
Lately they've been using the Herpes simplex virus and some strain of the common cold to infect the tumors. They're apparently much safer than the ones used before.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940611/?tool=pubmed
 

AtheistGuy

New member
Oct 10, 2011
332
0
0
Korolev said:
You could try "Journal of Biological Chemistry". That's a good one. "Nature" and "PLoS" are also pretty good. If you're a university student, you should be able to access virtually all their papers from your school network, even if you aren't taking a biology course. The Journal "Blood" is also pretty good when you want papers to do with Leukemia or certain cancers.

I wish I could link you some papers, but I finished uni a year ago and I'm going for another degree but I won't be a student until January. Try Pubmed - that has some free papers.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

This sort of stuff is closely linked to Gene Therapy. While they are running some trials, gene therapy as a whole hit a massive snag, when the French used viruses to treat kids suffering from SCID (it basically meant they had no immune system. As in, at all. They were bubble-kids, even getting a cold would probably kill them). The treatment worked.... for half the kids. The other half developed cancer because the virus inserted the genes in the wrong place. As you can imagine, virotherapy and gene therapy ain't so popular now. As the XKCD comic mentioned, they are trying to use modified HIV viruses, because HIV viruses are CRAZY GOOD at inserting genes into places where they won't cause much harm.... sad thing is, the minute you even MENTION "Modified HIV", government and corporate sponsors throw up their arms and scream "NOOOOOOOOOOOO".

There are other alternatives people are trying - lipo-vectors, which are essentially shells made of lipids (which resemble viruses on the surface) that are designed to carry the gene and merge with your cells. Sad thing is, the body's own immune system recognizes the lipo-vectors as viruses and eventually will start to attack them, preventing patients from receiving the repeated doses needed to cure the disease.

It's a tricky problem. Scientist will solve it though. They're a clever bunch of folks. We might have to design a new vector entirely, out of pieces of the HIV virus. We can build viruses - why, a few years ago someone pieced together a polio virus from scratch, just to see if he could do it. Turns out, he could. So a lot of scientists are trying to cobble together an artificial vector out of pieces of more successful natural vectors - you could eventually design a vector that is HIV-like, but you could honestly go up to investors and say "It's not HIV". And it wouldn't be, and that's the point! You'd also have to redesign it in such a way as to make it as resistant to mutation as possible. It is possible - why, one of the reasons why smallpox was wiped out was due to the fact that it almost never mutated because the way its genome was set up ensured that it couldn't easily change its genetic structure. This meant that it almost never developed alternate strains, so the one vaccine that was invented by Jenner worked for virtually everyone (there were a few rare cases in which it didn't, but they were rare).

It's an exciting field. If anyone is studying molecular biology or virology or immunology, I'd encourage them to enter the field. It's a bit of a dismal field now, only because of that unfortunate incident with the French kids, but I'm certain, dead certain, that within a few years, maybe a decade or two, it will become an established treatment for many cancers, and more than a few genetic disorders, like Cystic Fibrosis.
Pubmed is the first site I found on this. The problem is I can't easily find many articles. Usually what I find is the abstract and maybe a few citations. It's the PMC articles I'm after.

As for the field I plan on developing these treatments for a living (among other things) to fight a wider range of diseases. Limiting this research to cancer and other less-than-common diseases is a massive waste. Especially considering the fact that modern antibiotics are reaching their limit. With viruses we'd have an endlessly adaptable, if hard to predict, way of fighting micro-organisms.