One could make the argument for sentience, however could a machine not be made sentient in the future, or perhaps the animals we have among us now? Dolphins and wolves have there own system of communication and posses relatively high intelligences, yet are not considered human. This leaves sentience on the back burner. How about Self-Awareness then? When a species attains the level of intelligence for self preservation and equilibrium with the environment, is it then considered to be human or humanoid? I don't have the answer to this one, though humanity in its current state is only beginning to reach this understanding. I have more questions than I do answers. In being so, I turn to you Escapist users, and I ask that you may share your input to shed light on the dark recess that is xenophobia.
TL

R: What makes another race human? I.e. treated as such.
Note: Humanity refers to us treating other (perhaps other worldly) organisms as we would other people.