Hyenas (1992)
Tragicomedy from Senegal. An impoverished Senegalese village sees an older woman return for a visit who had left it in disgrace decades ago, but has come into money since. Hoping for an opportunity to secure funding for their home, the villagers try to ingratiate themselves with the mysterious old lady. Their morals are being tested when she offers an obscenely large donation in return for the death of the owner of the local pub and convenience store whom she harbours an old grudge against.
There is, generally speaking, not a whole lot of appreciation for West African cinema internationally. I have to admit, this is the first movie from that region that I have ever seen. Hyena's played at the Cannes Film Festival back in the day and failed to win any greater rewards or accolades. This should not come as a surprise, considering the english speaking film community has only recently even started to realize that Asian cinema exists, a production from Senegal in Wolof language probably never stood a chance to be a crossover hit.
And that is quite a shame, because Djibril Diop Mambety's Hyenas is a fantastic movie. Based on the Swiss stageplay "Der Besuch der Alten Dame", Mambety turns a story about the corrupting nature of greed into a darkly comedic parable about the desperation of a third world community. Very confidently so. Between Ami Diakhate's gripping performance as a vengeful former outcast, the lavishly realized outback setting and the score that invokes Sergio Leone in some moments and a "tribal" intensity at others, Hyenas proves to an extremely engaging watch.
Using the plot outline of a classic revenge tragedy, Mambety asks the question: How far can the promise of first world conveniences push the people of a third world nation to betray their principles. When Diakhate's Linguere returns to her former home, she never doubts for a moment that the village will eventually crack under the desire for material wealth. Soon enough the village of Colobane starts filling up with imported commodities. Refrigerators, foreign booze and tobacco, shoes and cars. Certainly, no one wants to harm the widely popular local grocer, but the money to afford it all has to come from somewhere.
Hyenas (and we actually get to see a bunch, along with various other local wildlife) are predators and scavengers. They prey on the sick and elderly animals in a herd and rather than killing them directly, they hunt them to exhaustion. This is why folklore characterizes them as cowardly, greedy and vindictive. There is, of course, little sense in assigning human traits like these to animals. Yet one can quite easily assign the animalistic traits of predatory and opportunistic behaviour to humans.
Images of hyenas and vultures are prominent throughout the entire picture, foreshadowing its eventual end. While Colobane managed to find a certain harmony, if not by any means happiness, in its shared poverty, that peace is disturbed once someone throws a piece of meat into the hungry community and promises more, for the price of nothing but their innocence. "The World turned me into a whore, so I'll turn the world into a whore house" is one of the movies many striking lines, and describes so beautifully the cycle of revenge at play in Hyenas.
Hyenas is a relatively cynical story for sure. One that slightly veers into the kafkaesque, in a sense. But it's also a very witty and elegantly told one. Full of gorgeous cinematography and memorable dialogue. A story about how spite and greed take away our humanity. One of those movies that don't deserve obscurity, but also never really had a chance to avoid it. I suppose there is little to be said except for that old yet consistently unheard appeal: Watch foreign movies. They will surprise you.