The focus on the humanitarian benefits of capitalism is just an extremely weird argument. Because sure, industrialization along capitalist lines lead to the mass production of penicillin.
There's even a problem here as this is a disastrous choice to lionise capitalism.
Florey and Chain worked out the basics of how to isolate penicillin, but when Florey went to the USA to work on facilities for mass production, they did not go to corporations: they went to the US government. The US government set them up with a research lab and co-ordinated an effort across both government agencies and pharmaceutical companies to work on it, mandating levels of shared information. In that sense, the development of penicillin more represents a victory for government-led research, not corporate competition.
This follows a distinctly problematic claim that capitalism drove the advances of science. I am not unsympathetic to elements of this argument, but the scientific revolution dates back to around the 1600s, even 1500s. Capitalism did not meaningfully exist in practice until the 19th century, so industrialisation started before capitalism did - although one can argue mercantilism was a sort of proto-capitalism. At any rate, the argument as given does not stand beyond people's ability to compete and make a profit from innovation drives innovation: but capitalism isn't just private ownership and ability to make a profit.
The "market efficiency" argument is better covered and contextualized here.
Because yes, ideal markets are "efficient" at setting prices in a way that maximizes total surplus, but real markets are not necessarily ideal (indeed, I think there is a good argument that capitalism has lead to many markets becoming less and less ideal over time) and in the real world, the question of who ends up with the surplus is often more important than maximizing the total surplus in a system.
If the market in question is for something people need in order to live, like food or medicine, then organizing that market to be ideal or "efficient" means that we have created the best possible market to make money in at a cost of not everyone being able to participate (and, consequentially, eat). "Efficiency" in that case is pretty directly at odds with any kind of humanitarian objective.
One might set this argument to the carbon credits in the video. How do we calculate this?
The free market "invisible hand" can price things according to supply and demand and all that. But how does it price the cost of carbon dioxide release? This is a future cost which at best can only be estimated, and requires brute force "government says X much" which is manifestly not very capitalism at all. Many other similar issues exist: we know what any one healthcare system costs - we know much less well what its economic value is. The video makes a complete hash of this, attempting to weasel out arguments about different types of capitalism, regulations and rules and all that jazz, in a way that is superficial to the point of meaningless. The gap between the theory of setting the rules and regulations right and actually getting the rules and regulations right is
massive. It can't just be glossed over so casually.
It does not at all address the use of economic and sociopolitical power by capitalists to drive decision-making. Capitalists hold enormous power and wealth, and will naturally use that to deform public decision-making, through lobbying, persuasion and even outright bribery. But they're not interested in capitalism and general good, they're self-interested. They will work against the general good for their own benefit, and that's a large part of why capitalism has a poor reputation amongst the public. They're being diddled by capitalists, and they know it. Fossil fuel capitalists have almost no motivation to care about the environment: they'll be dead when the shit hits the fan or can pull their investments and move them elsewhere before the call. Obviously they are throwing their vast influence at dissuading the public and government from doing anything about it. The video's author notes she thinks carbon 'taxes' are too low. Why are they are too low? Answer: capitalists lobbied very hard to make them that way.
This is a major problem at the core of capitalism. The video would hold to "get the regs right and it'll all be fine": but the elephant in the room is not removed by merely saying we need to make sure there isn't an elephant in the room.