Seeing as how you gave a tidbit about the English penny, I decided to make mine link in:
The S for Shillings did not actually stand for shillings, either. That was derived from the Latin Solidus coin, much as the D was from Denarius.
On that note, did you know England is the only country in the world that has ever used a money system that was not based on 10s and 100s? As in, you know how other money systems work, 100 cents to the dollar, 100 cents to the euro, 100 pence to the pound. England is the only country to ever had a system that did not work in this way - as in, pennies, half-pennies, shillings, farthings, and pounds - or, as they were known, Sovereigns (if they were coins, at least. A paper pound was called a quid, even then - which is strange, considering we use quid to refer to the pound dispute the fact the pound note doesn't actually exist at all now!)
These worked thus:
1 fathing (Which was basically a quarter-penny.)
2 fathings in a half-penny
2 half-pennies in a penny, or copper(Or 4 fathings)
12 pence in a shilling or 'bob' (or 48 fathings.)
5 shillings in a Crown (or 240 fathings.)
20 shillings in a pound. (Or 240 pennies, or 960 fathings.)
There was also thruppence(3 pennies) The sixpence, also known as a tanner (6 pennies) The groat and half groat (4 pennies and 2 pennies respectively) A florin, or 'two bob bit' (2 shillings) The half crown (2 shillings and sixpence), and the guinea, (a pound and a shilling.) named due to the fabled gold on the guinea coast. There were also the ten bob note, and the £5 note, although the latter may have been taken out of circulation early due to easy forging and relatively low use. (It was 120 shillings, after all. Or 1440 pence. Or if you want to get really ridiculous, 5760 fathings. )
So why this weird system? It actually makes sense when you realize that money was made of precious metals, and the measuring of the time was troy ounces at the time of it's introduction back with Henry II: A penny was worth, and at the time actually was, a pennyweight of silver. And 240 pennyweights of sterling silver were the same weight as a pound of sterling silver.
Makes sense now, doesn't it?
Yeah, I didn't think so either.