Tulks said:
This leads me to ask, how does the power output of an H-cell compare to the electricity required to fill it?
Ah, but you're looking at it the wrong way. You won't run hydrogen through a fuel cell to produce electricity to harvest hydrogen from the urine. Even if it was somehow net effective in production, you wouldn't have a lot left over for running the motors. Or the through-put would exhaust both your tanks real quick, either or.
But, say you do what a lot of hybrids already do: run the motors as generators to supply braking force. Instead of charging a battery, get some hydrogen from the storage tank.
I do wonder how many miles could be added per fill-up with such a method. That, and what exactly you would do with all the ammonia and other contaminates in the urine.
EDIT: Also, while it is true that the power density of hydrogen is laughably low compared to gasoline (as is just about
any power density...) there is research under way on methods to vastly increase storage capacity of hydrogen without using high-pressure tanks.