Clearing the Eye said:
Jack the Potato said:
Well, Europeans civilizations basically raped, pillaged, and ruined many civilizations that were advancing at a decent pace. Then they colonized all the places that had the best resources, usually over the ruins of those civilizations they wrecked. It was how the world worked back then, really. It could have just as easily been any other geographically based ethnicity that did so. Nobody's really to blame for it, it was just how the world worked back then.
But how did the white population, much, much younger than the others, manage to gain better technology, health and government that quick? We sort of went from zero to one hundred in five minutes, while everyone else struggled to get up to sixty. Then, with our technology that must have seemed godly to the poor natives, we took over everything.
Well firstly all those things you mention- better technology and government, are all aspects of "Civilisation" which originally came from the Middle East- specially around the Fertile Crescent (modern day Iraq roughly) from where Mesopotamian and Sumerian civilisation came from. From there Civilisation spread towards Europe, by being picked up by the Greeks and Phoenicians who both established various colonies around the Mediterranean.
Europe was, geographically speaking, a much better place for a civilisation to flourish than the Middle East. Europe is very green and fertile, plenty of resources, few extreme temperatures and plenty of animals to domesticate. Europe was always going to be one of those places which would be wealthy enough to form major empires.
But how did Europeans come to dominate other, otherwise equally advanced civilisations such as the Islamic world and the Chinese civilisation? Again- geography. In the 15th century European sailors sought to find a way to the spice isles in East Asia- don't forget that, whilst Europe is great for growing food, you can't grow many types of food used for flavour things like pepper and spices all came from India, and therefore very expensive to import especially when the Ottomans and Venetians basically had a monopoly on the spice trade.
One explorer, a certain Christopher Columbus had the daring idea of, instead of trying to sail to India by trying to go round Africa (a dangerous journey) he would go West across the Atlantic Ocean. And so he inadvertently discovers the Americas. How the Spanish conquered the Americas largely explains how Europeans came to conquer all tribal and some civilised peoples.
1)Europeans were already technologically advanced for humans- having steel armour and gunpowder weapons- giving them a huge technological advantage on the battlefield. Being an advanced farming civilisation, Europeans also benefited from animals such as horses and dogs.
2)Germs: Europeans had been farming for 5000 years, and thing with a farming lifestyle is that diseases become a major problem (as opposed to hunter-gathering societies). Over time, Europeans evolved an immunity to these diseases that many other natives lacked. It's diseases like influenza and smallpox which killed millions of natives- far far more than battle casualties- weakening the integrity of American civilisations. (e.g- smallpox killed the Incan Emperor, sparking a civil war between his two heirs, allowing Franciso Pizzaro to conquer the Incan Empire as it remained divided.
3) The Atlantic Ocean: The Atlantic Ocean is big but so big that it denied the Europeans crossing it to the Americas- unlike the Pacific Ocean to the Chinese. This meant that Europeans crossed the Atlantic with ever-increasing frequency and this led to better and better boat designs (and mainly navigational techniques) which would allow them to reach all corners of the Earth and make more conquests in places such as the pacific. Crossing the Atlantic also established an incentive for Europeans to make more discoveries and conquer other places.
4) Science: European navigational techniques could only have been advanced with scientific knowledge, and Europeans were fortunate enough to develop the scientific method. This started off in the Renaissance- the Black Death cut Europeans population by more than half, greatly increasing living standards and allowing for Europeans to become more educated- this contributed to a growing interest in Europe's "Golden Age"- under the Roman Empire. Renaissance scholars wanted to re-discover the secrets of their ancient predecessors, but as they did they found increasingly their much admired ancient scholars to be incorrect. This meant that scholars had to find ways to correct (and find out new stuff that the ancients missed) natural knowledge. In the 17th century this developed into modern science, and it was science that allowed Europeans to improved medicines, weapons, the industrial revolution etc- and it's that which allowed Europeans to dominate other advanced civilisations such as China and the Islamic world.
So essentially, why white people conquered much the world is down to Europe's geography- and the fact that we invented modern science.