Following the dissolution of the USSR, a third of the ex-Soviet nuclear weapons were in Ukraine. They fully denuclearised their arsenal, in exchange for several legal guarantees expressed in the Budapest Memorandum.
The text of the 1994 Budapest Memorandum reads as follows;
Just another international legal agreement (along with the Minsk Accords), freely signed and agreed by Russia, which has been contravened by the actions of the last 3 days.
The text of the 1994 Budapest Memorandum reads as follows;
Underlining mine. Particularly interesting is the explicit mention of existing borders.Budapest Memorandum said:The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Welcoming the accession of Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as non-nuclear-weapon State,
Taking into account the commitment of Ukraine to eliminate all nuclear weapons from its territory within a specified period of time,
Noting the changes in the world-wide security situation, including the end of the Cold War, which have brought about conditions for deep reductions in nuclear forces.
Confirm the following:
1. The Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America reaffirm their commitment to Ukraine, in accordance with the principles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, to respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine.
2. The Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America reaffirm their obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine, and that none of their weapons will ever be used against Ukraine except in self-defence or otherwise in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.
Just another international legal agreement (along with the Minsk Accords), freely signed and agreed by Russia, which has been contravened by the actions of the last 3 days.