JFK (1991)
While the term "conspiracy theory" dates back to the 19th century, it only entered into common usage following the assassination of American president John F. Kennedy in the 1960's. The concept wasn't new, of course, millions of innocents died because people were willing to believe in claims as ridiculous as those made in the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. But it's proliferation was first and foremost the reaction to an event that, upon any further inspection, seemed to inherently absurd that just about anyone who had done any research on the matter could work out an explanation that feels more plausible than the one given.
It was director Oliver Stone, the closest thing post red scare Hollywood ever had to a leftist firebrand, who put one of them to film. JFK is a fictionalized account of New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrisons investigations into the events surrounding Kennedy's murder, adapted in part from the reals Garrison's book on the matter and in part from a book called "Crossfire" by Jim Marrs, an illustrious figure who has also published books on UFO coverups, CIA experiments on ESP and 9/11 conspiracy theories.
So Stone, intending to create a "counter myth" to an official narrative that he considered fraudulent, directed a 3 and a half hour political drama filled to the brim with a distracting number of recognizable character actors (Kevin Costner, Joe Pesci, Sissy Spacek, John Candy, Gary Oldman...) to proudly postulate that the Kennedy Assassination was an inside job. If nothing else, you gotta admire the audacity of it.
The director takes material that is, at best, controversial and at worst, both highly speculative and shamelessly sensationalist, and treats it with the confidence of someone who has no doubt whatsoever that history will vindicate him one day. The performances are as over the top as the editing in framing the struggle of a righteous man who is going to uncover the truth and deliver justice, no matter what. Whether Garrison's, Marrs' and Stones' conclusions on the "who" and "how" of Kennedy's death are any more accurate than the official account is impossible to say, the movie, through the mouth of an unnamed Pentagon insider, does insist that in the end, these questions are far less important than the "why" of it all.
And this is where JFK, past all the loose ends and red herrings and colourful personalities, manages to provide a rather poignant thesis statement. The system killed Kennedy, no one in particular gave the order or signed the paper, it was act of adjustment, of sidestepping a potential inconvenience by removing its cause and waiting for the shock and the outrage to blow over. If everyone went along with it, no one specifically would ever have to take accountability and if any particular person or any particular sub network of people was indicted, everyone else could easily deny any knowledge. One of Thomas Pynchon's "Proverbs for the paranoid", as cited in his masterpiece "Gravities Rainbow" goes "you can't touch the master, but you can tickle his creatures". At the end of JFK, only a single man, probably not even very high up the ladder, is tried for conspiracy, and he gets declared innocent.
JFK is an incredibly sophisticated piece of conspiracy fiction that boldly challenges the official conclusions on a historical event that to this day raises a great many questions, only very few of which have satisfactory answers. Stone imagines a world where truth and justice are under threat, but not yet dead. JFK presents an attempt to showcase how much of the jigsaw puzzle he thinks he put together correctly in a narratively and artistically compelling way, simply because he feels the world has a right to know. I'm not able to speak for the validity of any of the conclusions brought forward in JFK, but I respect its core statements and the level of craftsmanship it employs to present them.