Russ Pitts said:
As true as this may be, why then does playable Spartan take damage when jumping from great height, or perish when jumping off a cliff (or into water - helloooo swim engine) but un-playable (i.e. cutscene) Spartan survive a fall from space?
Regardless of how well this sort of thing may be explained in auxiliary literature, within the confines of the game it appears to be fantastic, and therefore, not exactly plausible.
You don't take damage from falling. They eliminated that in Halo 2. You die if you fall too far, but otherwise you're unharmed. This is a fairly obvious concession to gameplay.
Secondly, Master Chief didn't fall from space. I'll elaborate.
1) Fall distance:
In the cutscene, they clearly said that he fell from 2 kilometers, which a quick Wikipedia check tells me is within our troposphere. The troposphere is the first layer of atmosphere from ground up, meaning that he's falling through the same air that skydivers fall through.
2) Terminal Velocity
Due to the height of his jump, he likely accelerated to terminal velocity. People have survived falls from skydiving height without parachutes, depending on what they're impacting. These are people without futuristic powered armor that absorbs impact and has energy shielding. Most people hit terminal velocity at around 120 mph, but the Master Chief would come in at 300 mph, given that he's 7ft tall and weighs around 1000lbs.
3) Was he moving at terminal velocity?
I'd say he was likely moving slower than terminal velocity, as his trajectory was distinctly not straight down. That suggests he had some way of influencing his direction.
4) The crash site
As we saw in the The Arrival, the crash site is in the middle of a jungle, and he landed in soft ground. Aside from freshly tilled earth, you couldn't pick a more ideal landing spot.
5) Energy shields
His shields absorb impacts as well, perhaps even better, than energy. Given that he was likely fully shielded coming in, another point in his favor.
6) Crazy radical gel layer technology
Well, as people have pointed out before, people today have invented some pretty scary things. I think it's feasible that whatever the corresponding tech was in the 26th century, it likely helped the Master Chief survive his fall in addition to all of his other advantages.
There is one thing I haven't been able to explain as of yet. That's the fact that Master Chief was on fire. Was he on fire because he was moving too fast, or for some other reason? Or, because Bungie thought it would look cool? Also, let's not forget, in that very same cutscene, Cortana reminds us that she picked Master Chief for his luck.