This is where it gets messy (possibly in more ways than one), because if a cyclist has the right of way on a bike lane, shoulder, etc. and debris on the road cause them to spill into the path of a car, the driver will be at fault if they make contact with the cyclist. This then causes drivers to be extra cautious whenever approaching cyclists, which can affect the flow of auto traffic if heavy. Additionally, normal practice out of courtesy here in MI and I’m guessing many other places is to swerve away from a cyclist to give them more room, which again can cause interference with oncoming traffic if that motorist crosses the center line.That’s probably because many orders of magnitudes more people drive than cycle - more’s the pity.
Cyclists unfortunately occupy this almost vestigial space in terms of transport where they’re dangers to the general user base of footpaths and roads.
This may not be uniform, but when I was taught to drive I was told both pedestrians and cyclists had the right of way in all road interactions outside of blatantly incorrect if not illegal actions. Maybe that is more common than I thought.
There really *ideally* should be a bike lane adjacent to sidewalks, still with ample spacing from roadways. But infrastructure is already a nightmare in many places with increased traffic on freeway systems built when a fraction of the current population existed. Not gonna hold my breath.