If that's the point, I'd say it's botched. Finn is never really driven by anger, hatred, or a desire to harm others. Hell, with TLJ starting by hitting the reset button on his character arc, his most consistent trait is probably that he doesn't want to fight at all and is doing all that he can to get away from the battlefield...unless he finds out that Rey is in trouble, at which point "save Rey" jumps to the top of his priorities. This is not a guy who is going out of his way to hurt people, or even taking the opportunity to hurt the First Order when presented to him (eg, joining the Resistance).
I mean let's review what happens to him through TLJ: Without a real explanation as to why (originally implied to be the awakening of empathic force ability, but that obviously went nowhere), a literally nameless stormtrooper balks at a slaughter, and decides to aid a PoW's escape on the condition that the PoW takes him along. PoW (...And saying that acronym aloud, I'm suddenly wondering if Poe was a play on words) names him Finn. Crash, PoW is presumed dead, Finn pretends to be part of the resistance to impress a girl he meets. Pair escape the planet, Finn wants to go into hiding, girl bounces between wanting to return to the planet and returning the droid they were traveling with to the resistance. When meeting up with the resistance to accomplish the latter goal, Finn barters passage to a remote world so he can disappear. He is unable to convince Rey to go with him, so the two part ways...until Finn realizes that the First Order took her, at which point he pulls a Will Turner and runs to the Resistance to insist that they rush to her rescue. He tricks them into giving him a ride to Starkiller Base under the pretext that he knew how to lower its defenses, and as soon as he's there admits that he's underqualified but needed an excuse to go there so that he could rescue Rey. They succeed in their nominal objective due to a stroke of luck, and eventually find Rey. Han dies, Rey and Finn try to run, and come across Kylo Ren (who...somehow ended up waiting ahead of them despite them running away from him?). Rey, furious over the death of Han (for some reason), pulls a gun on Ren, who responds by knocking her out. Finn immediately rushes to make sure she's alright, only stopping when Ren flourishes his lightsaber to remind him that the threat is still there. Finn fights, and promptly ends up seriously injured and unconscious until the next movie.
Next movie: He finds himself on a Resistance ship and - still not a part of the Resistance and still wanting no part of that war - promptly tries to leave, only for Rose to treat him as a deserter going AWOL. Understanding that for the time being his fate - and Rey's - was tied to the survival of the Resistance, he helps with the plan to disable the First Order's tracking system. We'll skim over most of the mission and jump to their encounter with Phasma on the Star Destroyer. Phasma captures Finn and Rose, has them executed and nearly tortured. Things go sideways, the two escape and encounter Phasma again as they try to escape, at which point she and Finn duel. Finally deciding to join the fight, Finn opts to help the Resistance as the First Order was bearing down on them. As the Resistance was making what would probably be its last stand, Finn opts to sacrifice himself to try and take out the FO's bunker-buster, which was the biggest threat as the Resistance at that point was playing for time. it's at this point that Rose sabotages his kamikaze attempt to save his life.
There is no reading where Finn is doing what he's doing out of anger, hate, or some kind of desire to get back at the First Order. The only reason we come to that conclusion is because Rose explicitly tells us in the audience to interpret it that way. That's not the story arc we've been seeing with Finn though. He's not a character that is driven by anger and hate to fight an evil for personal satisfaction, much less one who is prone to taking that to self-destructive levels. Finn's a character who thinks that the First Order is unstoppable and that the only smart move is to hide from them. He only breaks out of that mindset when either A) He's backed into a corner and has to fight rather than flee, or B) the Order threatens something that he cares about. So him opting for a kamikaze attack to try and prevent the bunker buster from busting the last line of defense the Resistance had is pretty significant, very much analogous to Han giving up his scoundrely ways in the OT and ultimately leading a suicide mission (which, coincidentally, also involved attempts to break into a planetside bunker). And in the context of his character and what we've seen of him so far, we can't in good faith characterize it as him trying to 'destroy something he hates' but instead should see it as him trying to 'protect something he loves (or at least has come to believe in)'. While Rose was not necessarily wrong to interrupt the attempt, her justification basically amounted to an admonishment to...do what she stopped him from doing.