No they wouldn't because they rely on the expansion of gas from the propellant. Any weapon that relies on gases/combustion would not work. The only way they would work is if they are fired from within something that has an atmosphere and then exits into space with initial velocity. Like if they fire something inside a space station and it travels outside, that would work.The Singularity said:Sorry, I talked about sending hydrogen bombs to other planets(so they would work in the atmosphere there), in space we are defenseless. But I was just emphasizing that we are dangerous and aliens could be even more dangerous.
*edit* Actually guns and cannons work even better in space.
Either that or do the other thing you mentioned. Send space capable ICBMs into another planet thing would work, but it would take a loooooooooong time to get there (if it isn't hit by space debris and detonates before it gets there).